We conclude our discussion of models of the critic by a critical discussion of the anatomical plausibility of implementations of a critic in basal ganglia circuitry, and conclude that such ...

In the new model, two separate but interacting areas within the basal ganglia regulate either goal-directed or habitual control circuits. The authors discuss its implications for understanding the ...

Dyskinesia has been associated with an imbalance in the output of the basal ganglia, but the pathophysiology of the involuntary movements remains unclear. Loss of dopaminergic neurons in the ...

repair damaged basal ganglia circuitry and improve functional outcomes. A number of small clinical studies of human primary fetal tissue transplants have been undertaken. These are of variable ...

“In simplified terms, when brain circuits become dysfunctional ... Connections between the frontal cortex in the forebrain ...