The basal ganglia are structurally and functionally abnormal in PD as a result of the loss of striatal dopaminergic input. Connectivity with the motor cortex is diminished, and the consequence is ...

In the new model, two separate but interacting areas within the basal ganglia regulate either goal-directed or habitual control circuits ... is to coordinate cortical networks during the ...

“In simplified terms, when brain circuits become dysfunctional ... activity in brain regions such as the basal ganglia and ...

CBS results in gradual loss of nerve cells (neurodegeneration) in the surface of the brain (the cerebral cortical areas) as well as deep structures (the basal ganglia). These brain regions are heavily ...