Gas exchange between the plant and the atmosphere takes place through the stomata, which consist in two bean-shaped guard cells surrounding a pore. (a) Malate and Cl − efflux from the guard ...

These stomata regulate gas and water vapor exchange with the environment, function as entry points for pathogens, and are pivotal in shielding plants against abiotic stress. When temperatures are ...

We are increasingly confronted with the impacts of climate change, with failed harvests being only one example.

These so-called stomata regulate gas and water vapor exchange with the environment, function as entry points for pathogens, and are pivotal in shielding plants against abiotic stress. When ...

Because of these properties, the majority of plant gas exchange occurs through stomata. Consequently, composition of cuticle and fast guard cell signaling are thought to be the major factors limiting ...

the radius is 0.20 mm. Area = πr 2 = 3.14 × 0.20 × 0.20 = 0.13 mm 2 The number of stomata in the field of view is 12.