T cells are white blood cells that are important for adaptive immunity. They have unique cell surface receptors that are generated by randomly assorting genes. These receptors allow T cells to ...

to the bacteria and also deplete certain subtypes of T-cells (via T-cell anergy); therefore, neutralizing superantigens allows the host to derive anti-staphylococcal immunity. Additionally ...

Dec. 18, 2024 — Scientists have generated human stem cell models which contain notochord -- a tissue in the developing embryo that acts like a navigation system, directing cells where to build ...

Dec. 20, 2024 — Researchers have made a meaningful advance in the simulation of molecular electron transfer -- a fundamental process underpinning countless physical, chemical and biological ...

As for removal of these substances, the adaptive immune reaction may be operated by immune cells, mainly T cells, various inflammatory cytokines and counterinflammatory cytokines, together with ...

Humans aren't alone when it comes to yawning — all vertebrates do it too, including fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals. But why? The "evolutionarily ancient" act of yawning likely ...