In the latter case, high temperatures and pressures lead to the reworking of the crust, affecting its composition, as well as that of the underlying mantle. Furthermore, when two continental ...

The evolution and differentiation of the continental crust pose fundamental questions that are being addressed by new research concerning melting, melt extraction and transport through the crust, and ...

Four billion years ago, Mars might have looked a lot more like Earth than we thought – not on the surface, where rusty red ...

The ancient crust of Australia is crucial for understanding the early Earth, because it tells us about how the continental crust formed and evolved. Continental crust forms the foundation of ...

These movements have altered the positions and topography of the continents, contributing to the current state of the planet’s crust. While certain regions of the continental crust, known as ...

The formation of porphyry copper deposits in regions of thickened continental crust remains enigmatic. Insights from the Laramide Porphyry Province in Arizona suggest a link between shallow-slab ...

New crust is continually being pushed away from divergent boundaries (where sea-floor spreading occurs), increasing Earth's surface. But the Earth isn't getting any bigger. What happens ...

Continental and oceanic plates all fit together to form the outer crust of the planet. Eight major plates are named on the diagram below. Heat from the core makes magma in the mantle rise towards ...