Abstract: Conventional directional modulation (DM) transmitters often employ phased array principles, leading to complex hardware and high power consumption. This letter presents a new method that ...

We employ this PI-FOPA in a long-reach access network scenario to simultaneously amplify WDM downstream in the C band and WDM upstream in the L band, whereas the downstream and the upstream are ...

While many optical transmission signal encoding methods are under consideration, DP-QPSK transmission technology is becoming essential due to its high tolerance against signal distortions resulting ...