Methods: Myeloid-conditional Bmal1 knockout mice (Bmal1 Mye−/−) and wild type (WT) were treated with epicutaneous TLR7/8 agonist (imiquimod; IMQ) for 6 weeks to induce a lupus phenotype. Upon ...

The remaining PVL areas were treated with topical imiquimod (toll-like receptor 7 agonist) for six months, resulting in complete clinical and histological resolution. Topical agents can cover a larger ...